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It said the methodology for reimbursement of such payment to intermediaries on transactions involving debt/credit cards or digital means is being worked out and the detailed guidelines and operational modalities would be issued in due course.After this the government had set up a task force under DIPAM secretary Neeraj Gupta.Centre will bear transaction costs for card payments to discourage cash.Centre has said it will bear the transaction cost for all payments made to it through debit or credit cards and net banking to promote cashless economy in the country."One way to curb the wall paper flow of black money is to discourage transactions in cash. Currently, customers bear the transaction cost commonly known as merchant discount rate (MDR) on payments made to the government.Last year in his budget speech Arun Jaitley had said the government would announce incentives to encourage card usage by consumers to curb black money flow into the system. The Task Force on promotion of payments through cards and digital means has flagged issues with respective government departments. The Finance Ministry has issued the circular in pursuance of the decision of the government to promote credit/digital transactions in government payments and collections. "The government departments shall take appropriate steps to bear MDR cost like other merchants. Now that a majority of Indians has or can have, a RuPay debit card, I, therefore, propose to introduce soon several measures that will incentivise credit or debit card transactions, and disincentivise cash transactions," Mr Jaitley had said.. The public shall not bear any MDR cost for making payment to government through debit cards or credit cards or digital means," said the office memorandum issued by the Finance Ministry

After an hour-long conversation with Bose’s family members, he took to the social media platform Twitter and announced that the files would be released on 23rd of January.Process of declassification of files relating to Netaji will begin on 23rd January 2016, Subhas Babus birth anniversary.The initiative will meet the "long-standing public demand" to access these files as well as facilitate scholars to carry out further research on Bose, it said.The first lot of 33 files were declassified by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) and handed over to the NAI on December 4, last year..— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) October 14, 2015Subsequently, the Ministries of Home Affairs and External Affairs too initiated the process of declassification of files relating to Bose in their respective collection which were then transferred over to the NAI, it added."The National Archives of India (NAI) is placing 100 files relating to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in public domain after preliminary conservation treatment and digitization.On the eve of Bose's birth anniversary 100 files relating to him will be released in public domain after preliminary conservation treatment.The NAI also plans to release digital copies of 25 declassified files on Bose in the public domain Canvas&Textile every month. New Delhi: Finally, putting an end to the anticipation, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will release the digital copies of 100 files related to Subhash Chandra Bose on his birth anniversary tomorrow.Modi, in his meeting with members of Bose family here on October 14, last year, had announced that the government would declassify the files relating to Bose and make them accessible to public. On the occasion of the birth anniversary of Netaji, the Prime Minister will release the digital copies of these files in public domain," an official release said today

About 80 per cent of the firms employing more than 500 workers have registered their digital signatures with us.A central clearance house has been set up for this purpose and the body plans to reduce the time for transfer of PF accounts to three days through the online service.The EPFO expects 1. It plans online settlements of about 10 lakh transfer claims of tech-savvy applicants from industries such as IT this fiscal year..During 2012-13, the retirement body settled 107.62 lakh claims, 88 per cent of which were processed within 30 days, as prescribed by the body's citizen charter. Once it starts, provident fund (PF) subscribers who have changed jobs can apply online for transfer claims through their employers. The facility will definitely be launched during the first fortnight of October," China self adhesive vinyl Suppliers K K Jalan, Central Provident Fund Commissioner of the retirement fund body, said on Friday.9 lakh establishments in 2011-12."Over 25,000 employers or establishments have already registered their digital signatures with us," Jalan said.2 crore claims in 2013-14, including around 13 lakh PF transfer claims.

The body managed PF accounts of about 6."According to Jalan, job changes are more frequent in firms employing more than 500 workers, especially in sectors such as information technology. We are in a position to launch the service any time.The body says it's easier for companies in sectors such as IT to register digital signatures as they already maintain them to comply with Corporate Affairs Ministry requirements.New Delhi: The Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is all set to start online transfer of provident fund accounts in the first half of October, a move that will benefit over 13 lakh applicants every year.The EPFO started registering digital signatures of companies from July 25, a prerequisite for the facility."We have completed live testing of online transfer of PF accounts facility.The EPFO is planning the launch after the new Labour Secretary takes over on October 1, according to a source

With the introduction of digital cameras and cell phones, the photography form of art has become very popular not only with the professional photographers, but also with the amateurs from various walks of life.It is now a fact that India is a colourful country but however it has never been shown due to various regions. The colours in India are present all throughout the year throughout the length and breadth of the nation, from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. "It is important to print photographs as well. Students of MRIS Charmwood, Faridabad also participated and won some awards. The trend of printing photographs and hanging them on walls is of the past now. The photographers sometimes wonder why should they be participating in such events.With an aim to show all the colours of India, an exhibition of photographs ‘Bharat Ke Rang- Festivals of India’ is organised by Shanker Art Foundation at the Indian Habitat Centre, in the capital curated by Kishore Shanker. In Christmas, the colours of red, green and gold set the tone. There were challenges.When asked about the reason what was his inspiration to curate this event, Kishore says, "The photographs today are only limited to the online medium.Amidst all the violence and catastrophe, the colours are lost leading to a gray and gloomy India.Pongal by Rama KaushalyanThe gold is seen in Deepawali and Dusshera. So I felt that in order to put them on the walls, there must be an event of such nature. A variety of colours that is seen at the time of Holi, from the bright and light to dark and bold is truly mesmerising.

The other major challenge, he says, was to find a database of the events, collection of information as very few government websites had details of any of these events.He goes on to say that the photographs that are being put up in the exhibition would be returned back to the photographers. "Even though we have printed these photographs, we are returning these photographs to them so that they can display it in their house or gift them to their friends," he says..A photo by Sayali Milind MaharaoIt was not easy to curate the event. It should not happen that we completely forget about prints," he concludes. Indeed, it is passion for the photographers to shoot subjects of their liking just to have aesthetic pleasure and documentation. The best photographs from the competitions are on display in the exhibition. Some of the award-winning photographs are from Shivratri by Birbal Sharma from Mandi, Jejuri Turmeric festival by Sampa Guha Majundar from Jamnagar, Kodungallur Bharani by Ashok Swaroop Kallada from Kochi and Holi by Satabdi Pal from Gurugram, Tarender Pal Vaidya from Solan, Manisha Jagdish Bhoj from Bhubaneswar, who have captured the mood of Raja Rani Music Festival. "We approached people by e-mail and on social media out of which 70 people participated in the contest", he says. Festivals are the time where India is at its colourful best. There were professional photographers who told us China Reflectives Sheeting Suppliers and wrote to us on mail saying they would not participate and sought invitations instead," he recalls.He advises upcoming photographers to participate in such events so the public can see their work."He then explains that they had organised a competition in six phases last year.The exhibition contains 35 photographs in all

Andrew Pettigrew wri-tes in his The Invention of News, that news reporting in the 16th and 17th centuries was full of portents about "comets, celestial apparitions, freaks of nature and natural disasters. The use of the digital medium for fast, unhindered and unchecked spread of information presents a fertile ground for those seeking to spread misinformation.The first is a case of manufactured primary content. How we respond to this issue will be vital for democratic societies in our immediate future. Due to its wide popularity and reach, social media has come to play a central role in the fake news debate. These two forms of fake news tend to originate outside traditional media such as newspapers and television channels, and can be often sourced back to social media and WhatsApp forwards. Further, there are instances where genuine content such as text and pictures are shared with fallacious contexts and descriptions. This also explains why so much fake news simply does not engage with alternative points of view.(The author works at The Centre for Internet and Society.Fake news is also linked to the idea of "naïve realism," the belief people have that their perception of reality is the only accurate view, and those in disagreement are necessarily uninformed, irrational, or biased. More recently, the milk miracle in the mid-1990s consisting of stories of the idol of Ganesha drinking milk was a popular fake news phenomenon.The phenomenon of fake news has rece-ived significant sc-holarly and media attention over the last few years. In March, Sir Tim Berners Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, has called for a crackdown on fake news, stating in an open letter that "misinformation, or fake news, which is surprising, shocking, or designed to appeal to our biases, can spread like wildfire.A well-informed citizenry and institutions that provide good information are fundamental to a functional democracy.A quick survey by us at the Centre of Internet and Society, for a forthcoming report, of the different kinds of misinformation being circulated in India, suggested four different kinds of fake news. Social networks such as Facebook and communities on messaging services such as Whats-App groups provide the perfect environment for spreading rumours. This includes instances where the entire premise on which an argument is based is patently false.

The second kind of fake news involves manipulation or editing of primary content so as to misrepresent it as something else. Such misrepresentations are often encountered while reporting in fields that require specialised knowledge, such as science and technology, law, finance etc. Most examples of misinformation spread by mainstream media, which has more evolved systems of fact checking and verification, and editorial controls, would tend to fall under this."Gartner, which annually predicts what the next year in technology will look like, highlighted ‘increased fake news’  as one of its predictions.The report states that by 2022, "majority of individuals in mature economies will consume more false information than true information. In this case, the image was not doctored but the accompanying information was false. The historical examples of fake news go back centuries where, prior to his coronation as Roman Emperor, Octavian ran a disinformation campaign against Marcus Antonius to turn the Roman populace against him.The advent of the printing press in the 15th century led to widespread publication; however, there were no standards of verification and journalistic ethics. In August 2017, a leading TV channel reported that electricity had been cut to the Jama Masjid in New Delhi for non-payment of bills.However, we see such unverified stories being picked up by traditional media. This further results in greater susceptibility to confirmation bias, disconfirmation bias and prior attitude effect.Leading up to the Second World War, the radio emerged as a strong medium for dissemination of disinformation, used by the Nazis and other Axis powers. This was based on a false report carried by a news portal."In India, the immediate cause for the 1857 War of Indepen-dence was rumours that the bones of cows and pigs were mixed with flour and used to grease the cartridges used by the sepoys.Third, more complicated cases of misinformation involve the primary content itself not being false or manipulated, China Displays & Light-box Materials suppliers but the facts when they are reported may be quoted out of context.Finally, there are instances of lack of diligence in fully understanding the issues before reporting.While the widespread dissemination of fake news contributes greatly to its effectiveness, it also has a lot to do with the manner in which it is designed to pander to our cognitive biases. Information received via friends tends to be trusted, and online networks allow in-dividuals to transmit information to many friends at once. He works on issues surrounding privacy, big data, and cyber security). In 2008, rumours about the popular snack, Kurkure, being made out of plastic became so widespread that Pepsi, its holding company, had to publicly rebut them. Earlier this year, several dailies pointed out that an image shared by the ministry of home affairs, purportedly of the floodlit India-Pakistan border, was actually an image of the Spain-Morocco border. Fake news presents a complex regulatory challenge that requires the participation of different stakeholders such as the content disseminators, platforms, norm guardians which include institutional fact checkers, trade organisations, and "name-and-shaming" watchdogs, regulators and consumers.In order to understand the recent phenomenon of fake news, it is important to recognise that the problem of misinformation and propaganda has existed for a long time."Researchers have suggested that rumours penetrate deeper within a social network than outside, indicating the susceptibility of this medium. Directionally motivated reasoning prompts people confronted with political information to process it with an intention to reach a certain pre-decided conclusion, and not with the intention to assess it in a dispassionate manner. This form of fake news is often seen with respect to multimedia content such as images, pictures, audios and videos. Such forms of misinformation, while not suggestive of malafide intent can still prove to be quite dangerous in shaping erroneous opinions

The first camera he could lay his hands on was an Agfa Click 3. "The diversity of the terrain is striking. When a friend saw some of his photos, he took them to a person heading a colour lab. He did join a fine arts school subsequently but didn’t make much progress.Like many other jobless youth of Kerala, he too went to the Gulf in search of a living but never gave up his passion for photography. "Often, I develop self-doubt if I am up to it because it is physically taxing. "I need to visit more. During his vacations, he would religiously carry Displays & Light-box Materials manufacturers it back home and go on journeys to click to his heart’s content. His brother helped too and he started fiddling around with films as a teenager. Hashim was offered the job of a technician in that lab.The Ladakh-Nubra stretch that he has extensively filmed includes Khardung La and Tagland La, two of the highest motorable roads in the world.

The turning point of his life came when he read an article in a children’s magazine on how to set up a dark room within one’s house. Since then, he has been dividing his time between India and the Gulf and has brought out 19 coffee-table books on various subjects. While shooting people, it is important to mingle with them, and make them comfortable and often the trick is to let them handle cameras and show them the photos," he says. His family was not that well off so he had to take up part time jobs; among other things, he did book-binding and screen printing.Hashim Haroon’s formal education came to a halt with the 10th standard. In 1991, he won a fellowship from the Royal Photographic Society given for travel photographers. In 2003, he became a freelancer to work on independent projects.". You have cold deserts as well as stunning greenery and vegetation, not to mention the calm life around," says Hashim. In 1996, he joined the Dubai Municipality as its photographer. Fascinated by the cultural diversity and the landscape variations of the Leh-Manali stretch, he became a frequent visitor. These days, I sometimes shoot with tiny cameras.He went on to join an Arabic magazine in Dubai as its photographer, and then a Saudi publication. When money started coming his way, he acquired a Horseman camera, made in Japan.It was in 2003 that he first took to the Himalayas. But when consumed with the task at hand, I don’t feel like taking rest at all. He is happy with the images that he has got till now of the terrain but not entirely satisfied. Things became easier after I switched to digital cameras as one doesn’t have to lug so much equipment. "Luck certainly plays a part," he says.He says a photographer may have to wait for long to find the right frame, the right moment